Often benign and self-involutes, management depends on size and locationįlesh-colored papules with erythematous base, contains eosinophils, resolves in first week Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome: extremityīenign vascular tumor, caused by increased growth of endothelial cells on blood vessels Sturge-Weber syndrome: over the trigeminal nerve (associated with seizures, glaucoma) Macular pink-red capillary dilations, often bilateral, fades over timeįorehead, upper eyelid, nape of the neck (stork bite)ĭark purple or red, capillary malformation, generally does not fade, ophthalmology referral needed if near the eye It is also important to assess newborns for tone and confirm the presence of normal primitive reflexes. Patients with abnormal findings on Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers should be evaluated further for hip dysplasia. Brachial plexus injuries are most common in newborns who are large for gestational age, and physical therapy may be required to achieve normal function. Sacral dimples do not warrant further evaluation if they are less than 0.5 cm in diameter, are located within 2.5 cm of the anal verge, and are not associated with cutaneous markers dimples that do not fit these criteria require ultrasonography to evaluate for spinal dysraphism. Signs of ambiguous genitalia include clitoromegaly and fused labia in girls, and bilateral undescended testes, a micropenis, or a bifid scrotum in boys. A single umbilical artery may be associated with another congenital abnormality, especially renal anomalies, and intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity. The infant should be as relaxed as possible so that the physician can more easily detect any abdominal masses, which are often renal in origin. The chest should be observed for symmetric movement, pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, prominent xiphoid, or breast tissue. Although these findings are often benign, it is important to visualize the entire skin surface to distinguish these findings and appropriately reassure parents. Skin findings are common during the newborn examination.
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